For many, driving represents independence. For the older adult, driving may be the only means to shop for groceries, go to doctor's appointments or to socialize. What happens, however, when a person's driving abilities decline as a result of the aging process? When does driving become dangerous, and what can be done when a person's on-road performance is putting them and others at risk?

According to the National Institute on Aging, there are 18.9 million drivers age 70 or older in the United States. This represents 10% of all drivers. With increased age, our bodies change in ways that can impact driving performance. Specifically the aging process affects vision, cognition and physical capabilities which are all important components of being able to operate a vehicle safely.

Knowing that aging affects driving performance, it is important to acknowledge the warning signs that driving has become a potentially dangerous activity. The following are signs that driving performance may be impaired, and possibly puts the driver and others at risk:

• Getting lost often, even on familiar roads
• Being frequently honked at by other drivers
• Being stopped by the police for driving errors such as missing stop signs or making improper turns
• Having friends and family express concern about your driving
• Being involved in several minor crashes
• Feeling overwhelmed at busy intersections or parking lots
• Worsening vision, with trouble reading signs or recognizing objects at a distance
• Feeling as if your legs and ankles are getting weak or your neck has become stiff
• Difficulties holding or manipulating controls in the car

Admitting that driving has become difficult can be frightening because for many it means the potential loss of participation in meaningful activities. Before handing over the keys, there are steps that can be made to determine if it is truly time to stop driving.

• Consult your doctor. The American Medical Association has established guidelines to assist physicians in determining whether or not driving is safe for the older adult.
• Consider a pre-driving evaluation. This is typically performed by a Registered Occupational Therapist (OTR/L) at a Rehabilitation center. The OTR/L will asses skills required for driving such as vision, cognition, and physical performance. The JRC is currently developing such a program.
• Research driving lessons. Driving abilities, like many other activities, can improve with practice. Your local AAA club or Registry of Motor Vehicles could suggest driving schools that offer driving classes for the older adult.
• Contact AARP (888) 227-7669 and request information on the 55 Alive/Mature Driving Refresher Course. This class reviews accident prevention and enhancement of safe driving techniques for the older driver. (Or go to www.aarp.org/drive).

-This article was written by Megin L Corno, OTR/L Assistant Director of Rehab at the Shapiro- Rudolf Adult Day Center and Jewish Rehab. Center in Swampscott, MA. Reprinted, with permission, from the Adult Day Health Center Monthly Newsletter, January 2004.